Síntomas básicos: tener vs. estar (A1–A2)

Quick vocab bites: core symptom phrases with tener/estar; 2-question check with icons.
DannisDannis
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Síntomas básicos: tener vs. estar. At the doctor in Spain: quick phrases.

Usa tener + sustantivo: Tengo fiebre, tengo tos, tengo gripe, tengo náuseas. In English it’s like saying “I have a fever / a cough / the flu / nausea.”

Usa estar + adjetivo: Estoy malo/a (colloquial), Estoy pachucho/a (very common, mild). "Pachucho" = mild discomfort, feeling a bit under the weather.

Encontrarse + adverbio/adjetivo: Me encuentro mal/fatal. Polite and neutral way to say you feel bad.

En la consulta: —¿Qué le pasa? —Tengo tos y fiebre. Me encuentro mal. Hoy estoy pachucho.

Cultura: En España "estar pachucho" is very common; to wish someone well they say: "¡Que te mejores!" (Hope you get better!).

Truco: Don’t say "soy enfermo". Say "estoy malo" (informal) or "estoy enfermo". Similar to English “I’m (feeling) sick / I’m not well.”

Comprehension check:

Completa: _____ tos y fiebre.
Tengo
Estoy
Soy
In Spanish, symptoms often go with tener: tener tos, tener fiebre. Not "estoy tos", not "soy fiebre". So: "Tengo tos y fiebre."
Remember the rule: tener + síntoma.
¿Qué significa "estar pachucho" en España?
Estar grave
Malestar leve
Estar embarazada
"Estar pachucho" = to feel a bit unwell, a mild discomfort. It’s not for a serious or critical condition.
It’s a colloquial, soft word.
Completa: Me ______ mal hoy.
encuentro
siento
soy
The verb encontrarse (me encuentro mal) is a neutral, polite way to say “I feel bad / unwell.” "Soy mal" is incorrect; "me siento mal" is also possible in Spanish, but here we’re practising encontrarse.
Reflexive verb we use for state: me ______ mal.

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