Llevar + gerundio y llevar sin + infinitivo en proyectos
Micro-artículo sobre 'llevar + gerundio' y 'llevar sin + infinitivo' para indicar duración en proyectos.
DannisCompleta: En el backend, ____ dos semanas refactorizando la API.
Correct: 0/8
Hints for this Quiz
Think of the pattern: llevar + (cantidad de tiempo) + gerundio.
Spanish expresses the duration of an ongoing action with "llevar + gerundio": "llevamos dos semanas refactorizando…". This matches the meaning of "desde hace + período" and of the structure "Hace + tiempo + que…", which grammar often lists as equivalent to "llevar + gerundio".
Use "desde + punto" (ayer, 2018, el último despliegue), not "desde hace + ayer".
The pattern "llevar sin + infinitivo" shows how long you have NOT been doing something: "llevo sin dormir…". You can also correctly use "desde + punto temporal": "desde el último despliegue" (see the rule "desde + fecha/punto").
Look for the option with "desde hace + período".
"Desde hace + período" expresses duration up to the present. "Hace tres horas" without "desde" means "three hours ago". The option "desde tres horas" is incorrect. This same idea of duration is also expressed by "Hace + tiempo + que…" ~ "llevar + gerundio".
"Desde + ayer"; "desde hace + un día".
With "ayer" (a point in time) we use "desde + punto": "desde ayer". "Desde hace" needs a time span: "desde hace un día". The other options are incorrect according to the "desde / desde hace" rule.
The answer starts with "Llevo…" + gerundio.
To answer the question "¿Cuánto tiempo llevas…?" we say "Llevo… + gerundio": "Llevo trabajando tres días." There is a similar example in the material: "¿Cuánto tiempo llevas…? — Llevo 6 meses estudiando…"
You need the –ando / –iendo form.
After "llevar" you use the gerund (–ando / –iendo): "llevamos… desarrollando". An example of this type is "Llevo … estudiando", shown in the grammar notes.
Remember the pattern: llevar + X horas + gerundio.
To express how long a current action has been going on, we use "llevar + tiempo + gerundio": "Llevo ocho horas depurando…". Constructions like "estar/tener + horas + gerundio" sound unnatural. The equivalence of duration is also shown in the section on "desde hace / hace + que / llevar + gerundio".
"Desde + anoche" and "llevar + gerundio" work well together.
With the point in time "anoche" the correct form is "desde anoche". "Desde hace anoche" is incorrect. A very handy pattern for duration here is "llevar + gerundio": "lleva fallando…".
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